David Bishop/Wellcome Collection. 5 of 7 Wrestling in modern India is a synthesis of two older traditions: the Persian form of the art brought into South Asia by the Mughals, and an indigenous Hindu form that dates back to at least the 11th century.Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). ‘The Healing Pavilion’ is a new art commission by British-Kenyan visual artist Grace Ndiritu. It radically reimagines what textiles and architecture can do in a museum burdened by colonial history. It is deeply connected to Ndiritu’s ongoing body of work, ‘Healing ...The Wellcome Film Library, was originated from the Wellcome Film Unit, which was created in 1946 and based in the Wellcome Building, 183 Euston Road. <p> It promoted itself as a resource to the medical, pharmaceutical and allied professions; loaning Wellcome produced films. </p><p> This file consists of promotional …Wellcome Collection is a unique mix of galleries and events, the world-famous Wellcome Library, a café, bookshop and conference centre. Visit us: Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, London NW1 ...To get there, take the stairs or the lift down to level −1. The auditorium is fitted with a hearing loop. For more information, please visit our Accessibility page. If you have any queries about accessibility, please email us at [email protected] or call 020 7611 2222. Our event terms and conditions.Archivist Elena Carter writes about finding the artist Audrey Amiss through caring for her collection, and how we understand a life in the material that is left behind. Because of its fragile nature, Audrey's archive is held in our library stores. To view items from the collection, you'll need to join the library and request the item you'd like ...The Medicine Man gallery has been part of Wellcome Collection since we opened in 2007. It was one of five spaces where visitors can see items from the collections for free, alongside the Reading Room, library and our changing exhibition programme. The space closed on 27 November 2022. As all museums do, we regularly review our spaces …Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). 6 of 10. Symptoms of ‘strangers’ disease’, also known as yellow fever, include black vomit and yellowing of the skin. Now it is known to be spread by mosquitoes, but in the 19th century it was believed that travellers and immigrants were the cause. This period also ...Jun 4, 2021 · Following Wellcome’s death, the Wellcome Trust dispersed 90 per cent of the objects in his collection to other museums, considering them less relevant to a Eurocentric history of medicine. We have continued to collect books, manuscripts and paintings, and have used these collections to present stories that privileged European medicine and the ... Nov 27, 2022 · Medicine Man. Closes 27 November 2022. Free. Permanent exhibition. Medicine Man gallery, Thomas S G Farnetti. Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Sir Henry Wellcome was a collector who, through his agents, amassed well over a million books, paintings and objects from around the world, aiming ... Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). 4 of 11. Abram Games’ iconic poster depicts Finsbury Health Centre, built in the 1930s. The Centre’s designer, Berthold Lubetkin, believed that “nothing [was] too good for ordinary people”. Churchill withdrew the poster in 1942, calling it “a disgraceful libel on ...Mar 21, 2024 · Tick this box if you’re happy to receive other emails about Wellcome Collection, upcoming events and exhibitions and/or other relevant opportunities. please read our privacy notice. Visit our free museum and library in central London connecting science, medicine, life and art. Explore our exhibitions, live events, gallery tours and café. Dimensions. The auditorium is 16.26 m long and 10.57 m wide. It’s 5.6 m high at the screen end. The doorway is 1.45 m wide and 2.01 m high. The stage is 5.46 m wide, 1.96 m deep and 0.2 m high. The top table is 1.82 m long by 0.74 m wide. It seats nine speakers. You may also like to know there’s 1.71 m between the stage and the bottom of ...Aug 22, 2022 · The Wellcome Collection is a free museum and library exploring health and human experience. Yes, you read that right – it’s another of the many free museums in London . It’s filled with 19th-century collector Henry Wellcome’s medical antiquities and hi-tech modern displays of art, as well as often hosting talks, events and so much more. Grace Ndiritu, 2022. Produced by Flanders Tapestries. Woven polyester, cotton, wool and acrylic. Courtesy of the artist; commissioned by Wellcome Collection. This tapestry is based on an archival photograph, believed to be an informal staff portrait taken in 1973 one day after work at the Ethnologisches Museum, Berlin, almost …W hen it comes to explaining hysteria, you might have heard some variation of the following: In ancient Greece it was thought that women’s wombs wandered through their bodies, causing madness ( hystera = womb; hysterikos = of the womb). Hysteria stems from sexual frustration in women. And the one you are most likely to have heard: in the …Wellcome Collection is a unique mix of galleries and events, the world-famous Wellcome Library, a café, bookshop and conference centre. Visit us: Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, London NW1 ...Proposing an exhibition. Wellcome Collection’s exhibition programme makes imaginative links between science, art and the humanities. To date our multidisciplinary shows have covered diverse themes including X-ray crystallography, death, sexology, forensic medicine and consciousness. Our exhibitions are …The Wellcome Collection shop stocks unique books and gifts inspired by our collection and exhibition themes. Finding Audrey Amiss. Archivist Elena Carter writes about finding the artist Audrey Amiss through caring for her collection, and how we understand a life in the material that is left behind. Because of its fragile nature, Audrey's ...Tick this box if you’re happy to receive other emails about Wellcome Collection, upcoming events and exhibitions and/or other relevant opportunities. please read our privacy notice. We are a free museum and library connecting science, medicine, life and art. You’ll find exhibitions, events and a library in our beautiful building in central ...20 November 2014 – 20 September 2015. Past. Free. Exhibition. ‘The Institute of Sexology’ was a candid exploration of the most publicly discussed of private acts. More than 200 objects spanned art, rare archival material, erotica, film and photography in the first UK exhibition to bring together the pioneers of the study of sex.In this powerful, uplifting plea for conscious optimism, Booker Prize-nominated novelist and activist Elif Shafak draws on her own memories and delves into the power of stories to bring us together. In the process she reveals how listening to each other can nurture democracy, empathy and our faith in a kinder and wiser future.Wellcome Collection is a unique mix of galleries and events, the world-famous Wellcome Library, a café, bookshop and conference centre. Visit us: Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, London NW1 2BESource: Wellcome Collection. Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) . Asylums have largely been consigned to history, but mental illness is more prevalent than ever, as our culture teems with therapeutic possibilities: from prescription medications and clinical treatment to complementary medicines, online support, and ...It has a sign for Wellcome Trust and Wellcome Collection. When you arrive, call +44 (0)20 7611 5778. There are also Blue Badge parking bays near us. Find out where on Blue Badge’s London map. Induction loops. There is a fixed induction loop at …Being Human, the new permanent gallery at Wellcome Collection, has opened its doors, exploring what it means to be human in the 21st century. Divided into four sections: Genetics, Minds & Bodies, Infection, and Environmental Breakdown, the new display presents around 50 artworks and objects. Together, …Sep 27, 2019 · The Open: Wellcome Collection is now available, featuring a selection of more than 100,000 images from the Wellcome Collection that connect science, medicine, technology, life, and art under Creative Commons licenses. Mount Vesuvius erupting violently at night over the bay of Naples, with two spectators and a guard on watch from the castle in ... Wellcome’s Climate and Health programme is backing evidence generation and science-based actions. Our primary objective is to generate evidence and solutions …Wellcome Collection, EPB/B/3980. The representation of dairy milk as a ‘natural’ and ‘pure’ product in advertising campaigns draws on an association with breast milk. This 17th-century text describes mother’s milk as a life-giving fluid, nourishing and transmitting essential qualities to the child.29 March 2012 – 17 June 2012. Past. Free. Exhibition. Brains: The Mind as Matter exhibition, Benjamin Gilbert. Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This exhibition explored what humans have done to brains in the name of medical intervention, scientific …Opening in November 2022, Wellcome Collection will present ‘The Healing Pavilion', a new art commission by British-Kenyan visual artist Grace Ndiritu. ‘The Healing Pavilion’ is an installation revealing violent pasts and hidden power dynamics at the foundation of Western museology while reflecting attitudes and practices towards African …Aug 22, 2022 · The Wellcome Collection is a free museum and library exploring health and human experience. Yes, you read that right – it’s another of the many free museums in London . It’s filled with 19th-century collector Henry Wellcome’s medical antiquities and hi-tech modern displays of art, as well as often hosting talks, events and so much more. Making Nature. 1 December 2016 – 21 May 2017. Past. Free. Exhibition. This exhibition examined what we think, feel and value about other species and what this means for the world around us. It brought together more than 100 objects from literature, film, taxidermy and photography to reveal the hierarchies in our view of the natural world and ...Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). 6 of 10. Symptoms of ‘strangers’ disease’, also known as yellow fever, include black vomit and yellowing of the skin. Now it is known to be spread by mosquitoes, but in the 19th century it was believed that travellers and immigrants were the cause. This period also ... Sensory access. Wellcome Collection is in central London, and we have several exhibition spaces and a library spread over three floors of our building. Some areas can be busy and loud, especially the Atrium at the entrance. Other areas upstairs are often much quieter. Ask staff if you need help finding a quieter space. Wellcome Collection is inspired by and originates with Sir Henry Wellcome: a pharmacist, entrepreneur, philanthropist and collector of more than one million objects from around …Aug 13, 2015 · W hen it comes to explaining hysteria, you might have heard some variation of the following: In ancient Greece it was thought that women’s wombs wandered through their bodies, causing madness ( hystera = womb; hysterikos = of the womb). Hysteria stems from sexual frustration in women. And the one you are most likely to have heard: in the 19th ... Send us a message. [email protected]. (0)20 7611 5757. Wellcome will fund individuals or teams researching the interdependent roles of sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions in the development and resolution of mental health problems including anxiety, depression and psychosis. View a summary of the funding …In this powerful, uplifting plea for conscious optimism, Booker Prize-nominated novelist and activist Elif Shafak draws on her own memories and delves into the power of stories to bring us together. In the process she reveals how listening to each other can nurture democracy, empathy and our faith in a kinder and wiser future.An archive is a collection of items, also referred to as records, that have been created or accumulated by a single person, a group or an organisation. Most of our archive collections contain unique and unpublished material, mainly from the 19th–21st centuries. Archives can range in size from a single box of items to hundreds of boxes, and ...In this powerful, uplifting plea for conscious optimism, Booker Prize-nominated novelist and activist Elif Shafak draws on her own memories and delves into the power of stories to bring us together. In the process she reveals how listening to each other can nurture democracy, empathy and our faith in a kinder and wiser …Wellcome Collection 18206i Creator/production credits The painting is the work of R.H. Giles, a prolific but obscure artist who lived in Gravesend in Kent, and exhibited works at the Royal Academy and elsewhere for the fifty years 1826 to 1876The Wellcome Collection shop stocks unique books and gifts inspired by our collection and exhibition themes. Finding Audrey Amiss Archivist Elena Carter writes about finding the artist Audrey Amiss through caring for her collection, and how we understand a life in the material that is left behind.1 of 11. The Andean fever tree ( Cinchona spp.) has a long history as a medicinal plant. The tree grows high in the cloud forests of the Eastern Andes bridging Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. It’s best known as a ‘miraculous’ cure for malaria, first as “Peruvian bark”, then as quinine, extracted from the bark. Yet it grew far …Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). 4 of 11. Abram Games’ iconic poster depicts Finsbury Health Centre, built in the 1930s. The Centre’s designer, Berthold Lubetkin, believed that “nothing [was] too good for ordinary people”. Churchill withdrew the poster in 1942, calling it “a disgraceful libel on ...The Wellcome Film Library, was originated from the Wellcome Film Unit, which was created in 1946 and based in the Wellcome Building, 183 Euston Road. <p> It promoted itself as a resource to the medical, pharmaceutical and allied professions; loaning Wellcome produced films. </p><p> This file consists of promotional …We offer a range of drop in, half hour tours and pop up discussions every day except on Mondays and during some special events. Please listen for announcements and look out for signs to see what’s taking place when you visit. Tick this box if you’re happy to receive other emails about Wellcome Collection, upcoming events and exhibitions and ...Wellcome Collection is the transformation of the Wellcome Building, the former headquarters of the Wellcome Trust, at 183 Euston Road, built in 1932 to the specification of Sir Henry Solomon Wellcome (1853–1936). Wellcome was a pharmacist, entrepreneur, philanthropist and collector. His passionate interest in medicine and its history, as well ...show credit information for image 'The viewing room at Wellcome Collection' Hear from researchers and Wellcome Collection staff who have worked closely with our collections. They will share the stories that they've unearthed and you'll get a chance to examine some of the items they discovered ...This fully illustrated and fascinating exploration of the brain has been published to accompany Wellcome Collection's ‘ Brains ’ exhibition. The brain is a unique and enigmatic organ. It cannot be transplanted, and is one of the most complex entities in the known universe. ‘Brains’ explores the ways that we have sought to …In this six-part podcast Mark Thomas reflects on lockdown life with his elderly mum while investigating the wider impact of Covid-19. Every night Mark calls health and care workers across the country for a chat. Humbling and often heartbreaking, these conversations reveal what life is like on the coronavirus front line. Film. For example [email protected]. All our newsletters. Tick this box if you’re happy to receive other emails about Wellcome Collection, upcoming events and exhibitions and/or other relevant opportunities. Our events take place both online and in our building. Choose from an inspiring range of free talks, discussions and more. About the venue. Wellcome Collection is a free museum and library that aims to challenge how we think and feel about health. Inspired by the medical objects and curiosities …Wellcome Collection is a free museum that aims to challenge how we all think and feel about health by connecting science, medicine, life and art. It is part of Wellcome, a global charitable foundation that supports science to solve urgent health challenges, working in more than 70 countries, with a focus on mental health, …We offer a range of drop in, half hour tours and pop up discussions every day except on Mondays and during some special events. Please listen for announcements and look out for signs to see what’s taking place when you visit. Tick this box if you’re happy to receive other emails about Wellcome Collection, upcoming events and exhibitions and ...Wellcome Collection is a unique mix of galleries and events, the world-famous Wellcome Library, a café, bookshop and conference centre. Visit us: Wellcome Collection, 183 …Wellcome Collection is a unique mix of galleries and events, the world-famous Wellcome Library, a café, bookshop and conference centre. Visit us: Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, London NW1 ...The Wellcome Collection staff who collaborated to write this statement are Black, brown and white people. When it comes to challenging the institutional racism enmeshed within the fabric of Wellcome Collection, and addressing the power and privilege this institution holds, we must act together. The fight against anti-Blackness and …Janice Li. Janice Li is a curator at Wellcome Collection, and curator of the exhibition ‘ The Cult of Beauty ’. She has curated exhibitions and commissioned design projects internationally and is a founding member of the Hong Kong Design History Network. She co-curated the Hong Kong Pavilion, ‘Sandtable’, at the London Design …Wellcome Collection is part of Wellcome, a global charitable foundation that supports health research and innovation. The museum explores the connections between science, art, culture and …Source: Wellcome Collection. About this work. Also known as. Tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. Publication/Creation. London : Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, 2014. Physical description. 1 online resource. Contributors. O'Neill, Jim. Review on Antimicrobial Resistance.In our archive collections you’ll find unpublished drafts, notebooks, letters, photographs, personal papers and official records of over 800 people and organisations connected to health. The bulk of our collections are in English, but the collection is global in scope and contains over 20,000 unpublished manuscripts in over 50 languages ...The Wellcome Film Library, was originated from the Wellcome Film Unit, which was created in 1946 and based in the Wellcome Building, 183 Euston Road. <p> It promoted itself as a resource to the medical, pharmaceutical and allied professions; loaning Wellcome produced films. </p><p> This file consists of promotional …About the venue. Wellcome Collection is a free museum and library that aims to challenge how we think and feel about health. Inspired by the medical objects and curiosities …Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). ‘The Healing Pavilion’ is a new art commission by British-Kenyan visual artist Grace Ndiritu. It radically reimagines what textiles and architecture can do in a museum burdened by colonial history. It is deeply connected to Ndiritu’s ongoing body of work, ‘Healing ...Ann Veronica Janssens: yellowbluepink. 15 October 2015 – 3 January 2016. Past. Installation. This new installation by Ann Veronica Janssens explored light and colour as she invaded the gallery with coloured mist. Colour was caught in a state of suspension, obscuring any detail of surface or depth –attention was focussed instead on …Trich Witch. Unassuming and discreet in style, this mini-zine contains a secret. Like reading a very raw diary entry, this zine reveals the embarrassment, humiliation and shame the creator feels living with the obsessive hair-pulling disorder trichotillomania. The disorder is common, but often difficult to diagnose.Send us a message. [email protected]. (0)20 7611 5757. Wellcome will fund individuals or teams researching the interdependent roles of sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions in the development and resolution of mental health problems including anxiety, depression and psychosis. View a summary of the funding …Wellcome Early-Career Awards. This scheme provides funding for early-career researchers from any discipline who are ready to develop their research identity. Through innovative projects, they will deliver shifts in understanding related to human life, health and wellbeing. By the end of the award, they will be ready to lead their own ...In this six-part podcast Mark Thomas reflects on lockdown life with his elderly mum while investigating the wider impact of Covid-19. Every night Mark calls health and care workers across the country for a chat. Humbling and often heartbreaking, these conversations reveal what life is like on the coronavirus front line. Film.Our collections contain historical and contemporary books, artworks, archives and manuscripts exploring our personal and cultural relationships with health and medicine. The library is located on level 2 of the building …W hen it comes to explaining hysteria, you might have heard some variation of the following: In ancient Greece it was thought that women’s wombs wandered through their bodies, causing madness ( hystera = womb; hysterikos = of the womb). Hysteria stems from sexual frustration in women. And the one you are most likely to have heard: in the …Notes to Editors. 'THIS IS A VOICE' is curated by Bárbara Rodríguez Muñoz, with 3D exhibition design by PLAID and graphics by Europa and Lindsay Pentelow. Wellcome Collection is the free visitor destination for the incurably curious. Located at 183 Euston Road, London, it explores the connections between medicine, life …[email protected]. We never charge a fee or ask for your bank details during the recruitment process. If you receive an email asking for payment with Wellcome's name or logo, please forward it to us. See Wellcome's current job vacancies, programmes for graduates, and internship opportunities. Find out what it's like to work at Wellcome ...Tick this box if you’re happy to receive other emails about Wellcome Collection, upcoming events and exhibitions and/or other relevant opportunities. Visit our free museum and library in central London connecting science, medicine, life and art. Explore our exhibitions, live events, gallery tours and café. Fully accessible.This is a Voice. 14 April 2016 – 31 July 2016. Past. Free. Exhibition. This exhibition looked inside vocal tracts, restless minds and speech devices to capture the elusive nature of the human voice. It explored how the unique grain of our voice locates us socially, geographically and psychologically, and how it is utterly flexible and can be ...Wellcome Collection is a unique mix of galleries and events, the world-famous Wellcome Library, a café, bookshop and conference centre. Visit us: Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, London NW1 ...Wellcome Collection had 120,000 items in the Science Museum’s long-term care there. It was also where hundreds of museum workers learned their trade, including me. My first trip to Blythe House was for a Science Museum job interview. I was escorted through security, two turnstiles and two swipe-access doors, along a corridor called “the ...show credit information for image 'The viewing room at Wellcome Collection' Hear from researchers and Wellcome Collection staff who have worked closely with our collections. They will share the stories that they've unearthed and you'll get a chance to examine some of the items they discovered ...Wellcome Collection commissioned this short film about early years education in the city of Pistoia, Northern Italy. It shows the relationship between educator and child as a collaborative process, with curricular ‘invitations’ led by the child’s imagination.Search Wellcome Collection. Our stories, images and collections make connections and provoke new thinking about health and human experience.The Wellcome Collection shop stocks unique books and gifts inspired by our collection and exhibition themes. Finding Audrey Amiss Archivist Elena Carter writes about finding the artist Audrey Amiss through caring for her collection, and how we understand a life in the material that is left behind.Join researcher Rosie Maxton for a recording of an online event introducing our Arabic manuscript collection and exploring the multi-layered histories folded within their pages. Drawing on selected manuscripts, Rosie focuses on the unique annotations that people in various places have added over time. She talks …Mar 30, 2023 · The exhibition brings together over 100 objects, including items used in farming and infant feeding, historical advertising, public health posters, and contemporary artworks. ‘Milk’ includes new artistic commissions by Danielle Dean, Jess Dobkin and Ilana Harris-Babou, as well as a new documentary by Leo Hallam Dawson on UK dairy farming ...
5 of 10. The discovery in 1861 of the presence of bacteria in the air by Louis Pasteur made people aware of the dangers of breathing in harmful pathogens. This led doctors to prescribe cotton masks to limit contagion during epidemics. Fashionable women wore lace veils to protect their lungs from harmful airborne …. Athletico pt
Sep 4, 2019 · Being Human, the new permanent gallery at Wellcome Collection, has opened its doors, exploring what it means to be human in the 21st century. Divided into four sections: Genetics, Minds & Bodies, Infection, and Environmental Breakdown, the new display presents around 50 artworks and objects. Together, they explore our hopes and fears about new ... Wellcome’s Climate and Health programme is backing evidence generation and science-based actions. Our primary objective is to generate evidence and solutions …This fully illustrated and fascinating exploration of the brain has been published to accompany Wellcome Collection's ‘ Brains ’ exhibition. The brain is a unique and enigmatic organ. It cannot be transplanted, and is one of the most complex entities in the known universe. ‘Brains’ explores the ways that we have sought to …Grant funding opportunity for research teams from not-for-profit or commercial organisations to establish or validate correlates of protection to support vaccine development. Find out eligibility criteria, what we offer, and how to apply. Lead applicant career stage: Early-career researcher. Mid-career researcher.Source: Wellcome Collection. Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Julian the cat, named after Julian of Norwich, also known as Juliana of Norwich, who wrote Revelations of Divine Love, the earliest surviving book in England known to have been written by a woman.The Wellcome Library is among the world's leading medical history libraries, housing 2.5 million items of extraordinary range and diversity and a growing collection of contemporary biomedical information resources relating to consumer health, popular science, biomedical ethics and the public understanding of science.Relaxed Openings of The Cult of Beauty. Gallery 1. Saturday 20 April 2024 18:30 – 20:30. See all dates/times. SEND workshop. Schools.I suspect most Londoners discover the Wellcome Collection by accident. Occupying a handsome white building planted foursquare on a corner of Euston Road, its airy ground-floor cafe is the perfect ... Our collections contain historical and contemporary books, artworks, archives and manuscripts exploring our personal and cultural relationships with health and medicine. The library is located on level 2 of the building and provides a calm and quiet atmosphere, with lots of desk space for individual study and research. Online collections. Thousands of items from our collections have been digitised, and copies are freely accessible online. Our digital collections cover a wide variety of topics, and are particularly strong in the areas of mental health, sex and sexual health, genetics, public health, and 19th-century books. If you’re a member of the library ...Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Source: Wellcome Collection. Selected images from this work View 1 image. About this work. Contributors. John Thomson; Permanent link. Page URL. 183 Euston Road London NW1 2BE +44 (0)20 7611 2222 [email protected] 8, 2023 · Genetic Automata. 8 June 2023 – 11 February 2024. Past. Free. Exhibition. ‘Genetic Automata’ is an ongoing body of video works by artists Larry Achiampong and David Blandy exploring race and identity in an age of avatars, videogames and DNA ancestry. The four films in the series investigate where deeply ingrained ideas about race come ... About. Wellcome Collection is a free museum and library exploring health and human experience, in Euston. We offer a changing programme of free exhibitions, free public events, a vibrant café and shop, and museum and library collections. Our galleries are closed on Mondays, however the library café and shop are open from 10.00-18.00.About. Wellcome Collection is a free museum and library exploring health and human experience, in Euston. We offer a changing programme of free exhibitions, free public …May 19, 2022 · The Guardian. In the Air explores our relationship with the air around us. Moving freely across borders and through bodies, air is both vital to our existence and a threat to our health. The exhibition explores the relationship between the air and earth, from 3.5-billion-year-old fossilised bacteria that first introduced oxygen into the ... .